Mediation Role of Recreational Physical Activity in the Relationship between the Dietary Intake of Live Microbes and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study

Mediation Role of Recreational Physical Activity in the Relationship between the Dietary Intake of Live Microbes and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study Yanwei You Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-4980 Yuquan Chen School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia Mengxian Wei Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Meihua Tang Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Mem, Shanghai 200030, China Yuqing Lu School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Qi Zhang Undergraduate Department, Taishan University, Taian 250111, China Qiang Cao Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-8883

The main topic of this research is the relationship between dietary intake of live microbe-containing (LMC) foods, recreational physical activity (RPA), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). This study presented a cohort of 26,254 individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), representing an estimated weighted population of 193,637,615 in the United States. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used in consideration of the multi-stage sampling design. Results: The study found that medium-LMC foods were negatively associated with the SII [β (95% CI): −4.807 (−7.752, −1.862), p = 0.002], indicating that their intake was correlated with lower levels of the SII. However, no significant associations were found with low- or high-LMC foods. The study also explored the relationship between RPA and the SII, finding that more time spent in RPA was negatively associated with the SII [β (95% CI): −0.022 (−0.034, −0.011), p < 0.001]. A mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the role of RPA in the relationship between medium-LMC food intake and the SII. The analysis revealed that RPA had a notable indirect effect, contributing to 6.7% of the overall change in the SII. Overall, this study suggests that medium-LMC food intake and RPA may have beneficial effects on systemic immune inflammation.
03 08 2024 777 nu16060777 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.3390/nu16060777 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/6/777 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/6/777/pdf