Multiple Invasive Aspergillus Brain Abscess in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report

This chapter describes an invasive Aspergillus induced brain abscess in an immunocompetent/ immunocompromised patient with no history of trauma. With the global growth of immunocompromised patients, the incidence rate of aspergillus infections in central nervous system increased accordingly. Aspergillus abscess is a typical phenotype of aspergillus infections in central nervous system, and is tended to be confused with tumors. Neuroimaging features with careful observation and detailed history-taking can help to make final diagnosis. Aspergillus is an omnipresent fungus in the natural world. In a healthy individual, spore inhalation can result in a localized illness. These fungi have the potential to produce invasive infections in immunocompromised patients, which can be fatal and have a high morbidity rate. The prognosis for invasive aspergillosis is not good. An exceedingly uncommon sign of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent people is intracranial aspergillosis. A case of 60-year-old immunocompetent male is reported who had multiple Aspergillus brain abscess. CNS aspergillosis particularly invasive aspergillosis is rarely observed in immunocompetent patients. The brain is remarkably resistant to fungal infections due to its abundant blood supply and the relatively impermeable blood-brain barrier. The signs of Aspergillus-induced brain abscesses should thus be known to medical personnel, as prompt detection and suitable treatment are essential for ensuring the best possible outcome for patients.