REVIEW OF MANGROVE FOREST ECOSYSTEM ON THE HEALTH OF MALUKU ISLANDS

A healthy forest condition will depend on biotic and abiotic factors in the forest do not become a limiting factor in achieving the goals of current and future sustainable forest management. Healthy forest conditions include the presence of trees that thrive, are productive, fast accumulation of biomass and nutrient cycles, no significant damage occurs by plant-disturbing organisms, and the presence of a typical ecosystem. The management of protected forest health aims to integrate knowledge about ecosystems, population dynamics and genetics of plant-disturbing organisms with economic considerations to keep the risk of damage below the threshold of loss. In the last decade, mangrove forests on Seram Island, Saparua Island and the Islands of Southeast Maluku suffered damage due to anthropogenic pressure including illegal logging, livestock grazing, forest fires, erosion, flooding resulting in mangrove forests on the three islands unable to function as a regulator of water systems, and protection of the system life buffer. The impact of subsequent floods, erosion, decreased water flow, drought to decrease soil fertility on the three islands. This condition needs serious attention because the health condition of the forest will affect the lives of living creatures living in and around protected forests. Therefore, the specific goal to be achieved is to know the health status of mangrove forests on the three small islands in Maluku so that policy recommendation will give to parties related to managing mangrove forest areas in Maluku, especially in the face of climate change. By knowing the health status of mangrove forests, the relevant stakeholders will immediately set a strategic plan for managing mangrove forests on small islands in the context of disaster risk management to create communities around forests that are resilient to climate change and realize sustainable management of mangrove forests on small islands. In the last decade, most of the mangrove forests in Maluku experienced erosion, flooding during the rainy season and decreased water flow during the dry season, so the status, and health condition of mangrove forests should be known as an early warning for comprehensive conservation of mangrove forests.