POTENTIAL EFFECT OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLE AS A NATURAL ANTIBIOTIC DRUG AGAINST BACTERIAL SPECIES

Objectives: The current study emphasizes synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using the bud extract of Syzygium aromaticum due to its higher Phenolic content and to observe its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods: The presence of polyphenols in bud extracts of S. aromaticum were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by standard method, then the formed ZnO nanoparticles from clove bud extract were characterized. Finally, antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles from clove bud extract were determined and statistical analysis was done by ANOVA.

Results: The clove bud extracts of S. aromaticum showed the presence of polyphenols by ferric chloride test. The amount of polyphenols present in the bud extract was found to be 118 mg GAE/g of dry weight for aqueous extract of clove and 180 mg GAE/g of dry weight for 80% methanol extract of clove. The formation of ZnO nanoparticles was done by using 80% methanol extract of clove which has higher phenolic content, characterized by UV Vis spectrophotometer showed an absorption peak at 224 nm and FTIR analysis showed peak at 650.01 cm-1. Morphology of synthesized nanoparticle was confirmed by SEM analysis and XRD spectrum showed diffraction peaks around 36.273° and the size of the nanoparticle found to be 123.84 nm. Antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticle showed its effectiveness against bacterial species was in the decreasing order of S. aureus > B. cereus > B. subtilis > E. coli. The statistical analysis of agar diffusion method for each bacterial species showed that there is a significant difference between standard (Chloramphenicol and Ampicilin) and Zinc oxide nanopartciles.

Conclusion: The current study reveals that, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from bud extract of Syzygium aromaticum effectively inhibits Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and could be used as an effective alternative to treat bacterial infections.