Socio-economic factors affecting quality of life of Hemodialysis patients and its effects on mortality

Objective: Many factors affect quality of life (QOL) of dialysis patients. This study was conducted to determine the effect of socio-economic factors effecting QOL of hemodialysis patients.

Methods: This descriptive multi-centric, follow up study was conducted at Department of Nephrology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from February 2015 to August 2017. All patients who were on regular maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) for more than three months and able to read and understand Urdu version of Kidney Disease Quality Of Life (KDQOL) tool were included in the study. Patients were included from hemodialysis units of Mayo Hospital (MH), Shalamar Hospital (SH), and Shaikh Zayed Hospital (SZH), Lahore. Patients with less than three-month duration on dialysis, with cognitive impairment, dementia, active psychosis, non-Urdu readers/speakers were excluded. Demographic data and lab data was collected on predesigned pro forma. Patients were divided into different groups on the basis of education, monthly income, source of funding for treatment and employment. Patients were followed up for two years to determine the effect of QOL on mortality.

Results: One hundred and thirty-five patients were included in the study. Socio-economic factors like education, employment, income, funding was compared with KDQOL sub scales and were found statistically significant (p-value (<0.05). We found that patients with higher income had better work status (p=0.039) but social (0.04) and sexual function (p=0.029) were relatively better in patients with low income. Employed patients had better work status (p=0.01), ability to do social function (p=0.027) but they had more pain (0.049), symptoms/problems of disease (p=0.05) and effect of kidney disease (p=0.015). Those patients whose dialysis were funded by their family could socially interact (p=0.012) better and deal more efficiently with effect of kidney disease (p=0.007). Higher education was associated with better emotional well being (p=0.045), patient satisfaction (p=0.046) and staff encouragement (p=0.045) then patient with lower level of education. QOL had no effect on mortality.

Conclusion: The socio-economic factors consisting of education, employment, income and funding are important parameters affecting QOL of kidney patients. QOL does not affect mortality of the dialysis patients.